CMS

A CMS (Content Management System) is software that enables creating, editing and publishing content on a website without having to write code by hand. Through a graphical admin panel, someone with no programming knowledge can add articles, images and subpages, change the site's appearance and manage its structure. A CMS separates the content layer from the technical layer.

How a CMS works

A typical content management system has two parts. The admin back end is the panel where an editor manages content. The presentation layer, or front end, is the site visitors see. The entered content is stored in a database, and on each visit the system retrieves it and assembles a finished HTML document according to the chosen template.

Functionality is extended with plugins and themes. Plugins add new capabilities — from contact forms to online stores — while themes control the look. Most popular systems run on the PHP language and a MySQL or MariaDB database.

Practical applications

CMS platforms power a huge portion of today's internet — from blogs to large portals and stores.

• WordPress — the most popular CMS, versatile, with a vast plugin ecosystem.
• Joomla and Drupal — well suited to complex sites and intranets.
• E-commerce platforms — specialized systems for running online stores.

To run smoothly, a CMS needs suitable hosting with PHP and database support — many providers offer ready environments with an installer for popular systems. Choosing the right CMS depends on the project's scale, functional requirements and the team's skills.